Scientific principle

Why fuel burns incompletely —
and what Greentech changes

Inside an engine, fuel has only milliseconds to evaporate, meet oxygen and burn. Greentech helps it atomize finer, so more of every drop burns — and burns in time.

A patented, passive fuel enhancer that sits in the fuel tank. No additives, no electronics, no engine changes.

  • ≈ 3 msis all the time each burn gets at 3,000 rpm
  • ¼ the timeto evaporate a drop half the size
  • 25 / 25fuel-quality tests: no significant change
01 · The time problem

Every burn has to happen in a few milliseconds

Liquid fuel cannot burn. Each drop must first evaporate and mix with air — and the engine gives it very little time.

What every drop has to do — before the flame reaches it, and in the few milliseconds of the burn:

1Evaporate

The drop turns to vapour, from its surface inwards.

2Mix

The vapour meets the oxygen in the air.

3Burn

Fuel + oxygen → CO₂ + water + heat that pushes the piston.

One four-stroke cycle at 3,000 rpm takes 40 ms: the crankshaft turns 50 times a second. The burn itself lasts roughly 3 ms, about 50° of crank rotation.

Fuel that isn't ready in time burns late, burns only halfway — or leaves the cylinder unburned.

02 · What it costs

Fuel that doesn't finish burning is fuel you paid for

Incomplete combustion doesn't only pollute. It throws energy away and leaves carbon inside the engine.

Complete and incomplete combustion

Complete

fuel + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + all of its energy

Incomplete

fuel + O₂ → CO + HC + soot + only part of its energy

carbonoxygenhydrogen

Balanced equations for petrol, diesel, LPG and CNG →

How much energy leaves in carbon monoxide?

Carbon burned fully to CO₂C + O₂ → CO₂393.5 kJ · 100%
Carbon burned only to COC + ½ O₂ → CO110.5 kJ · 28%

The missing 283 kJ — 72% of that carbon's energy — is still locked in the CO, and leaves through the exhaust.

Energy released per mole of carbon — standard heats of formation: CO₂ −393.5 kJ/mol, CO −110.5 kJ/mol.

What you can see is only part of itBlack smoke is mostly unburned carbon (soot). CO and HC are invisible — the exhaust analyser at an inspection station measures them.

The carbon loop

Incomplete combustion feeds itself:

Coarse dropsnot fully evaporated when the flame arrives
Incomplete burnCO, HC and soot form
Carbon depositsbuild up on injector tips, valves and pistons
Disturbed spraydeposits spoil the spray pattern — drops get coarser

Break the loop at the spray. A finer spray burns more completely and leaves less carbon behind — which is why Greentech also reduces engine carbon deposits.

03 · Drop size

Halve the drop, quarter the time

A drop evaporates from its surface. Smaller drops have more surface for their size, so they turn to vapour — and burn — far sooner.

The d² law of droplet evaporation

Drop of diameter dtime t
Drop of diameter ½ d¼ t

evaporation time ∝ diameter²

=
1 drop = 8 drops of ½ dsame fuel · 2 × the surface

The same fuel split into 8 drops of half the diameter has twice the surface touching the air, and each drop is gone in a quarter of the time.

Try it: split the drop

× 8
Number of drops
8
Total surface touching the air
× 2
Time for each drop to evaporate
¼

Same amount of fuel at every setting.

Why sooner matters

Fuel that burns near the top of the stroke pushes the piston all the way down. Fuel that burns late does less work and leaves as heat; fuel that doesn't burn leaves as CO, HC and smoke.

What sets the size of the drops?

Thicker fuel, higher surface tensiona longer liquid core, coarser drops
Lower viscosity and surface tensionbreaks up sooner into a finer mist

Spray research agrees: with the same injector and pressure, higher viscosity and surface tension give larger drops. Pressure and nozzle are set by the engine's design; the fuel's own properties are what can change.

04 · Inside the fuel

Fuel molecules attract each other

Petrol and diesel are mixtures of hydrocarbon molecules. Weak attractions between neighbouring molecules — van der Waals forces — are what give a fuel its viscosity and surface tension.

As deliveredheld close by mutual attraction
With Greentechmore loosely associated

van der Waals attractionone hydrocarbon molecule (carbon chain)Illustration: molecules in a liquid are always moving.

Greentech D10 fuel enhancer and its box
Greentech D10: lies in the tank, fully immersed. Nothing to wire, nothing to adjust.

Greentech lies fully immersed in the fuel tank. Its proprietary fuel molecular optimization process acts on these molecular associations — nothing is added to the fuel, and nothing is used up.

The measurable result is fuel that flows more easily — lower viscosity — which it carries through the fuel line to the injector, ready to break up into a finer spray.

How the patented internal components do this is proprietary. What we publish is what independent laboratories measured in the fuel. See the measurements ↓

05 · Measured in the laboratory

What laboratories measured in the fuel

Three questions: does the fuel change at the molecular level, does it flow differently, and does it stay within its specification?

C–H bonds 2,850–3,050 cm⁻¹ other absorption bands 4,0003,0002,0001,000 wavenumber, cm⁻¹

A map of where the difference appeared — not the measured spectrum.

1Molecular level

FTIR spectroscopy

Laboratory report to Moletech · July 20071st generation

Petrol (RON 95, from a CPC station) was scanned as purchased and after treatment on a Bio-Rad FTIR spectrometer. The two spectra differed in three regions — mainly the C–H band at 2,850–3,050 cm⁻¹, the bonds that make up fuel molecules. In other words: a change at the molecular level.

Room temperatureControlA · 1st genB · 2nd gendays 0 · 5 · 8 · 37
0 °CControlA · 1st genB · 2nd gendays 21 · 30 · 36
SV-10 vibration viscometer: sensor plates vibrating at 30 Hz

Treated A and B: lower viscosity than the control

2How it flows

Viscosity

Laboratory report · October 2010

98-octane petrol was kept with two Greentech component samples (A, B) and an inert control, at room temperature and at 0 °C, and measured on an SV-10 vibration viscometer. The treated petrol's viscosity was lower than the control's — measurable from 30 minutes, still lower after 37 days, with the same trend at 0 °C. The study compared both generations: A was the first generation (2007), B today's second-generation Greentech (2009), which did better.

25 / 25no significant change
PropertyBeforeAfter
Research octane number (RON)95.195.1
Vapour pressure at 37.8 °C, kPa62.762.7
Density at 15 °C, kg/L0.74090.7408
Sulphur, ppm7980
Aromatics / olefins, %vol27.7 / 28.827.6 / 28.7
Benzene, %vol1.211.21
Oxidation stability at 100 °C, min> 480> 480
3Specification

25 standard tests

Vietnam Energy Inspection Corporation (EIC) · report No. 20410867 · November 2020

The same RON 95 petrol, before and after using a Greentech fuel enhancer: the laboratory found no significant change in any of its 25 ASTM tests.

EIC fuel-quality report, first pageOpen the original report ↗

Also: a 27-page assessment by Associate Professor Peter Dingle, Murdoch University (Australia, November 2007), reviewed the test data then available. Details →

Specification unchanged. Flow changed.

The octane, composition and stability stay within specification. What changes is how easily the fuel flows — which sets how finely it can spray.

06 · Measured at the tailpipe

Less left unburned — the exhaust shows it

Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and smoke are the fingerprints of incomplete combustion. That is exactly what inspection stations measure.

What an exhaust test reads

  • CO
    Carbon monoxidecarbon that only half-burned — in %
  • HC
    Hydrocarbonsfuel that didn't burn at all — in ppm
  • Smoke
    Sootunburned carbon — as opacity

Also: Orbital, Australia (DOTARS-registered test facility, ADR 79/01), 2007, first generation — HC −33.3%, NOx −28.6%, CO −8.7% by mass. Details →

And the energy goes where it should

Each result compares the same vehicle before and after fitting, in the same test; results are not averaged or compared across tests. Tests from 2006–2009 used the first-generation product (Moletech); today's Greentech is the improved second generation. Results vary by engine condition and operating environment.

07 · The whole chain

Four links — and the evidence for each

  1. In the tankFuel that flows more easilyViscosity ↓ from 30 minutes (laboratory, 2010) · FTIR change at molecular level (laboratory, 2007, 1st gen)
  2. At the injectorA finer sprayLower viscosity → finer drops (spray physics) · smaller drops evaporate sooner (d² law)
  3. In the cylinderA more complete burnCO −93.6%, HC 97 → 25 ppm — Can Tho inspection centre, 2025
  4. On the roadMore work from every litre+17.0% km/L — Bureau Veritas, 2023 · ≈ +100 Nm on a dynamometer (1st gen)
08 · Why results differ

Why every engine saves a different amount

Greentech can only recover fuel that was burning late or not at all. How much of that there is depends on the engine — and on how it's driven.

What happens to the fuel injected

A newer, well-tuned engine
An older engine with carbon build-up, working hard
  • burns fully, on time
  • burns late: less work, more heat
  • doesn't burn completely: CO, HC, smoke

Illustration, not to scale — the split is different for every engine.

  1. Engine condition

    Older engines, carbon build-up and poorer fuel leave more to recover; a new, well-tuned engine leaves less.

  2. Speed and load

    In a 2019 dynamometer test in Guangzhou, the same car used 6.8% less fuel at 90 km/h and 9.0% less at 120 km/h.

  3. The arithmetic

    Each saving is calculated against that vehicle's own starting consumption. See how savings are calculated →

Why emission cuts look bigger than fuel savings

CO and HC come only from the small share of fuel that doesn't burn completely — so when more of it burns, they fall steeply. Fuel savings are measured against all the fuel used, so the percentage is smaller: typically 5–25% in daily fleet use. Each vehicle is measured against its own original fuel use, so the percentage differs from vehicle to vehicle.

09 · Scope

What this principle is — and what it isn't

It is

  • Physical

    It works on the fuel's physical state; its specification stays the same.

  • In the tank

    Fully immersed in the fuel, which carries the change to the injector.

  • Passive and continuous

    No power, nothing consumed; designed for 10+ years of service.

  • Measured warm and cold

    The laboratory recorded the viscosity effect at 0 °C as well as at room temperature.

It isn't

  • Not an additive

    EIC found no significant change in any of 25 fuel tests. A 2009 California Air Resources Board letter notes the US EPA found the first-generation device need not be registered as a fuel additive. Certifications →

  • Not electronic

    No battery, no wiring, no ECU tuning.

  • Not a catalyst or filter

    It doesn't treat the exhaust; it works before combustion.

  • Not an engine modification

    No parts replaced; the engine stays as built.

Glossary

Words on this page

Atomization
Breaking liquid fuel into a spray of fine drops. The finer the spray, the more surface meets the air.
Viscosity
How thick a liquid is — its resistance to flow. Thicker fuel breaks up into coarser drops.
Surface tension
The pull that holds a liquid's surface together. The higher it is, the harder the liquid is to break into small drops.
d² law
A drop's evaporation time grows with the square of its diameter: half the diameter, a quarter of the time.
van der Waals forces
Weak attractions between neighbouring molecules — behind a liquid's viscosity and surface tension.
FTIR spectroscopy
A laboratory method that identifies chemical bonds by the light they absorb, each type at its own wavenumber (cm⁻¹).
CO — carbon monoxide
Carbon that only half-burned. Toxic, and it still holds most of that carbon's energy.
HC — hydrocarbons
Fuel that left the engine without burning. Measured in parts per million (ppm).
NOx — nitrogen oxides
Formed from the air's own nitrogen in the heat of the flame.
Smoke opacity (HSU)
How much light diesel smoke blocks — a measure of soot. Hartridge Smoke Units run from 0 to 100.
ppm
Parts per million: 100 ppm is 0.01%.
RON
Research octane number — petrol's resistance to knock. It stayed at 95.1 before and after.
Questions

Questions about the science

Is Greentech a fuel additive?

No. Nothing goes into the fuel. Vietnam Energy Inspection (EIC) ran 25 standard tests on petrol before and after and found no significant change (RON 95.1 → 95.1). A 2009 California Air Resources Board letter also notes that the US EPA found the first-generation device need not be registered as a fuel additive.

How can something in the tank change the burn in the cylinder?

It changes the fuel's physical state, not its chemistry. In the laboratory, treated petrol's viscosity was lower from 30 minutes after contact and stayed lower for more than a month — so the fuel carries the change through the fuel line to the injector, where it breaks up into a finer spray.

Does it work in cold weather?

In the 2010 laboratory study, the viscosity effect held at 0 °C, just as it did at room temperature.

Does it change the octane or anything else in the specification?

No. In EIC's 2020 tests RON stayed at 95.1 and vapour pressure at 62.7 kPa; density, sulphur, aromatics, benzene and oxidation stability were unchanged within normal test precision.

Why are emission reductions so much bigger than fuel savings?

CO and HC come only from the small share of fuel that doesn't burn completely, so they fall steeply when more of it burns. Fuel savings are a percentage of all the fuel used — typically 5–25% in daily fleet use. Each vehicle is measured against its own original fuel use, so the percentage differs from vehicle to vehicle.

How is this different from fuel-saver gadgets that don't work?

Every result on this page comes from a dated test report — most of them open to read in full — and we explain the arithmetic behind the percentages. Do fuel savers work? →

What exactly is inside?

An aluminium alloy casing with patented internal components — Proprietary Greentech Fuel Enhancing Technology. How it is made is proprietary.

Is a more complete burn safe for my engine?

It does not modify the engine or its electronics, and the fuel stays within its specification. Because combustion becomes more complete, engine output can rise: for marine engines, and engines already run close to their rated limit, confirm with the engine manufacturer before installing.

The science is measured. The next step is a quote.

Tell us your vehicles and tank sizes — we will size the right model and quote the installation.

Results vary by engine condition and operating environment.

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